Explore the complete lecture series An Introduction to Western Philosophy – explained in Hindi for better understanding. Each video lecture is paired with simple, easy-to-read revision notes in English. This page includes all topics, key ideas, and thinkers covered in the course. Perfect for students looking to revise quickly or learn through Hindi explanations with English summaries.
1. Introduction to Philosophy
- What Is Philosophy? An Introduction
- Why Philosophy Matters in Human Life
- From Gods to Ideas: The Birth of Rational Thought
2. Early Greek Philosophy (Pre-Socratics)
- Thales of Miletus: The First Philosopher
- Anaximander and the Idea of the Infinite (Apeiron)
- Anaximenes: Air as the Principle of Reality
- Pythagoras: Numbers, Harmony, and the Cosmos
- Xenophanes: Critique of Religion and Anthropomorphic Gods
- Heraclitus: Change, Logos, and Becoming
- Parmenides: Being, Truth, and the Illusion of Change
- Zeno of Elea: Paradoxes of Motion and Reality
- Empedocles: Four Elements and Cosmic Forces
- Anaxagoras: Mind (Nous) and the Ordering of the Cosmos
- Atomism: Leucippus and Democritus on Atoms and Void
3. Greek Context and the Socratic Turn
- Athens, Democracy, Wars, and the Rise of Greek Philosophy
- The Sophists: Rhetoric, Relativism, and Education
- Socrates: Life, Method, and Moral Philosophy
4. Plato
- Plato’s Epistemology: Knowledge, Opinion, and Truth
- Plato’s Metaphysics: Forms and Ultimate Reality
- Plato’s Three Analogies: Sun, Line, and Cave
- Plato’s Ethics: Theory of Soul, Charioteer Analogy, Four Virtues
- Plato’s Political Philosophy: Justice and the Ideal State
- Plato’s Physics and Cosmology
5. Aristotle
- Aristotle: Life, Works, and Philosophical Method
- Aristotle’s Theory of Knowledge
- Aristotle’s Metaphysics: Substance and Causes
- Aristotle’s Unmoved Mover
- Aristotle’s Theory of Soul (De Anima)
- Aristotle’s Ethics: Virtue and the Good Life
- Aristotle’s Political Philosophy
6. Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy
- Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman Philosophy: An Overview
- Cynicism: Philosophy as a Way of Life
- Epicurus and Epicurean Philosophy
- Stoic Philosophy: Reason, Nature, and Freedom
- Skepticism: Doubt, Suspension of Judgment, and Peace
- From Mystery Cults to Neoplatonism
7. Jewish and Christian Philosophy
- A Brief History of Judaism
- The Philosophy of Jesus
- The Rise of Christianity
- Faith and Reason in Early Christian Thought