philoparadoxia

A clear and practical introduction to Stoic philosophy. Learn its origins, key ideas, metaphysics, ethics, apatheia, duty, and the teachings of Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. Ideal for students looking to understand Stoicism in a simple and systematic way.

A clear explanation of Plato’s theory of the soul, including the tripartite psyche, the charioteer analogy, and the four moral virtues. This post explores how reason, spirit, and appetite create justice, moral harmony, and the good life in Plato’s philosophy.

A clear, student-friendly guide to Plato’s Divided Line, Sun analogy, Cave allegory, Forms, and the Form of the Good. Easy notes for exams, UPSC, and philosophy study.

A clear and student-friendly explanation of Plato’s Theory of Forms, metaphysical dualism, participation, degrees of reality, core principles, and major criticisms including the Third Man Argument. Perfect for philosophy exams and revision.

Understand Plato’s theory of knowledge in a simple way. These notes explain how Plato refutes relativism and skepticism, why knowledge is not sense-perception or opinion, and how knowledge becomes “Justified True Belief.” A clear guide for philosophy students.

A clear and student-friendly explanation of Socrates — his life, the Socratic method, virtue ethics, care of the soul, political views, and legacy. Includes key concepts like Eudaimonia, Ethical Intellectualism, and the unity of virtue, based on Plato’s dialogues.

A clear and student-friendly explanation of the Sophists, their ideas on rhetoric, skepticism, relativism, and how they influenced Socrates, Plato, and Greek philosophy.

A clear, student-friendly summary of how Athens became a democratic power, its role in the Persian Wars, the rise of Sophists, and the Peloponnesian War that led to Athens’ decline.

A concise, exam-ready overview of Ancient Atomism, tracing ideas from Leucippus and Democritus to Epicurus and Lucretius. Covers core doctrines — atoms and void, the clinamen (swerve), theories of perception and mind, and ethical implications — with clear dates and student-friendly explanations for quick revision.

Learn Anaxagoras’ key ideas — Nous (Mind), infinite seeds, theory of mixture, and his influence on Greek cosmology and the rise of philosophy in Athens.